Types of Bees

The most well known types of bees are probably honey bees, bumble bees, mason, leafcutter and carpenter bees

Honey bees (Family: Apidae)

Honey bees are classed as ‘social’ bees, as they live in colonies usually consisting of around 50,000 – 60,000 workers.

There are 10 types of honey bee world wide, and one hybrid: the Africanized bee. The European Honey Bee Apis Mellifera is commonly kept by beekeepers in the West, who then harvest their honey.

For more information about honey bees, click here.  Honey bees play an important role, along with beekeepers, in conservation. Learn more here.

Honey bees are also used extensively in
crop pollination too, and along with other bees, they help to put food on our plates.

Bumble bees (Family: Apidae)

Most bumble bee colonies are fairly small, from 50 to 400 workers, but usually around 120 to 200. Most species are ‘social', but there are also 'social parasite' species, known as 'cuckoo bumble bees'. These parasitic bumble bees inhabit the nests of other bumble bee hosts.

Bumble bees are excellent pollinators of many kinds of flowers, and are a welcome and familiar site in gardens. Their efficiency as pollinators is partially down to their furry body shape, but also because they have the ability to 'buzz pollinate'. To read more about bumble bees generally, take a look at my section about bumble bees.

Leafcutter and mason bees (Family: Megachilidae)

These types of bees are solitary bees. With solitary bees, usually, a single female mates, then constructs a nest alone, and provides for the egg cells that will become larvae.

However, some solitary bees in one sense, do live in a simple form of society (or social group) in that a few individual bees may nest close to each other, and in some cases, even share nest guarding and foraging duties! 

Mason bees like to make nests in crevices, sometimes in old mortar, where as leaf cutter bees like hollow stems and ready made holes in wood.

Leafcutter bees neatly cut away a pieces of leaf for constructing their egg cells. Note, that leafcutter bees will in no way harm the plant from which it has removed the segment of leaf.

Learn more about leafcutter bees and mason bees .

Solitary bees are increasingly being reared for commercial bee pollination. This is happening with bumble bees too, although I wish they would first sort out the environmental factors linked with bee decline, such as pesticide use. 

Digger bees and carpenter bees (Family: Apidae –originally, they were classified in the family ‘Anthophoridae’)

These are also solitary bees, and are good pollinators.

Not surprisingly, digger bees usually make their nests in soil. They have hairy bodies, and can be up to 3cm long!

Carpenter bees vary. Some species in the USA, for example, may have a ginger brown, hairy body, or have predominantly black shiny bodies. This picture I took (left), is of a carpenter bee species that is found in Italy and some other southern European countries. It's called a 'Violet Carpenter Bee' - Xylocopa violacea. It likes to nest in old wood. Recently, it has been spotted in the UK, but is a very recent arrival. You can learn more about these kinds of bees on my carpenter bees link.

Mining bees (Family: Andrenidae)

Not to be confused with 'Digger Bees', Mining bees belong to a different family of bees altogether - and it's a huge family of bees, consisting of thousands of types of bees across the world. Mining bees are solitary, although females usually build nests quite close to each other.

From the name, you probably guessed that mining bees excavate tunnels and cells under-ground. If you're lucky, you may see evidence of them in your garden: little mounds of earth in lawns, borders, or even in pots that look a bit like worm casts. In general, they seem to prefer sandy soil. They will not cause any damage, and indeed, mining bees should be welcomed in the garden, as again, they are not only enchanting little creatures, they are also valuable pollinators of plants and flowers. Pictured above is the Tawny Mining Bee – Andrena fulva,a species found in Europe.

Pictured below is Andrena haemorrhoa -  the Orange-tailed mining bee, or Early mining bee.

To learn more about mining bees click here.

More different types of bees.....

There are many bee species that most people are unfamiliar with: long-horned bees, flower bees, nomad bees and more!  Take a look if you'd like to learn more about them.

If you want to know where bees fit into the grand scheme of things, then take a look at this fun link about the insect order 'Hymenoptera', which actually includes other types of insects, including ants. I hope you like the drawings! 

Books about bees

There are many books available from which can help you learn all about bees, from bee identification, to beekeeping books.  Please see this link for my recommendations.

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